why taiwan is so important TLDR version:
-60% of all semiconductors are made in taiwan. 90% of all advance chips are all made in taiwan
-Advance countries like the US cant make their own because:
1. knowledge is missing. you cant just go an buy the recipe. making chips is something done on the atomic level.
2. shortage of engineers
3.ecosystem isnt there. If a critical machine goes down in a Taiwanese facility, the specialized chemical supplier, the parts manufacturer, and the repair technicians are all within a 30-minute drive. the localized supply chain doesnt exist anywhere else.
4. running a chip facility requires 24/7 365 labor. labor laws in the US and other countries make that difficult to execute.
5. cost. very few companies (and governments) have the stomach to sustain those massive, continuous capital risks, especially when competing against a company like TSMC that already has economies of scale. to open up even one facility cost around 30 billion. thats just the capital expense so it doesnt include the operational cost.